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Vertical transmission of toxoplasma by human immunodeficiency virus-infected women pain medication for dogs with lymphoma order elavil with a mastercard. Low risk of congenital toxoplasmosis in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus neck pain treatment kerala purchase elavil 75 mg online. Low incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus best treatment for uti pain purchase 25 mg elavil free shipping. Congenital toxoplasmosis occurring in infants perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 pain medication for dogs hydrocodone discount 50 mg elavil free shipping. Primary Toxoplasma gondii infection in a pregnant human immunodeficiency virus-infected woman. Congenital toxoplasmosis transmitted from an immunologically competent mother infected before conception. Primary acquired toxoplasmosis in a five-year-old child with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Early and longitudinal evaluations of treated infants and children and untreated historical patients with congenital toxoplasmosis: the Chicago Collaborative Treatment Trial. Congenital cardiac toxoplasmosis in a newborn with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Strategy for diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: evaluation of methods comparing mothers and newborns and standard methods for postnatal detection of immunoglobulin G, M, and A antibodies. Role of specific immunoglobulin E in diagnosis of acute toxoplasma infection and toxoplasmosis. Effect of high temperature on infectivity of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts in pork. A randomized trial of three antipneumocystis agents in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus type I-infected patients: the changes in opportunistic prophylaxis study. Outcome of treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis, 1981-2004: the National Collaborative Chicago-Based, Congenital Toxoplasmosis Study. Prospective randomized trial of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole versus pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine in the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Immune reconstitution disease associated with parasitic infections following initiation of antiretroviral therapy. A randomized trial comparing pyrimethamine plus clindamycin to pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine. Maintenance therapy with cotrimoxazole for toxoplasmic encephalitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Two doses of varicella vaccine should be given, starting as early as 12 months of age, with an interval of 3 months. Therapy initiated early in the course of the illness, especially within 24 hours of rash onset, maximizes efficacy. Prior to the universal administration of varicella vaccine, approximately 4 million cases of varicella occurred annually in the United States. In the United States, the incidence of varicella and its associated morbidity and mortality have decreased by 88% because of universal vaccination. However, because most pregnant women have varicella immunity, varicella complicating pregnancy is unusual. In mothers who develop varicella 5 days before to 2 days after delivery, the attack rate for infants is approximately 20%, and mortality, before the availability of antiviral therapy, was approximately 30%. Varicella can be associated with a brief prodrome of malaise and fever, followed by the appearance of skin lesions that are more numerous on the face and trunk than on the extremities. The lesions appear in three or more successive crops over approximately 5 to 7 days. They evolve quickly (in about 24 hours) through macular, papular, vesicular, and pustular stages, culminating in crusts.

Macronutrient disposal during controlled overfeeding with glucose heel pain treatment video cheap elavil 75 mg without a prescription, fructose spine and nerve pain treatment center traverse city mi buy generic elavil 75mg on line, sucrose myofascial pain treatment center boston elavil 75 mg online, or fat in lean and obese women pain treatment center hazard ky purchase elavil with visa. Comparison of the effect of canola oil and sunflower oil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and on in vivo thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin production in healthy young men. Associations of coronary heart disease risk factors with the intermediate lesion of atherosclerosis in youth. Association of coronary heart disease risk factors with microscopic qualities of coronary atherosclerosis in youth. Effect of monounsaturated fatty acids versus complex carbohydrates on high-density lipoproteins in healthy men and women. The metabolizable energy of diets differing in dietary fat and fiber measured in humans. Prevalence and determinants of glucose intolerance in a Dutch Caucasian population. Comparison of diets supplemented with fish oil or olive oil on plasma lipoproteins in insulindependent diabetics. Interactions between dietary fat, fish, and fish oils and their effects on platelet function in men at risk of cardiovascular disease. The gastrointestinal handling and metabolism of [1-13C]palmitic acid in healthy women. Decreased serum total cholesterol concentration is associated with high intake of soy products in Japanese men and women. Low-fat diets do not lower plasma cholesterol levels in healthy men compared to high-fat diets with similar fatty acid composition at constant caloric intake. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid composition in humans. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Problems with the report of the Expert Panel on blood cholesterol levels in children and adolescents. Niinikoski H, Viikari J, Rцnnemaa T, Lapinleimu H, Jokinen E, Salo P, Seppдnen R, Leino A, Tuominen J, Vдlimдki I, Simell O. Prospective randomized trial of low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet during the first 3 years of life. Growth until 3 years of age in a prospective, randomized trial of a diet with reduced saturated fat and cholesterol. Niinikoski H, Viikari J, Rцnnemaa T, Helenius H, Jokinen E, Lapinleimu H, Routi T, Lagstrцm H, Seppдnen R, Vдlimдki I, Simell O. Men who consume vegetable oils rich in monounsaturated fat: Their patterns and risk of prostate cancer (New Zealand). Energy intake and physical activity in relation to indexes of body fat: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. Effects of inherent responsiveness to diet and day-to-day diet variation on plasma lipoprotein concentrations. Calcium and magnesium absorption from the colon and rectum are increased in rats fed fructooligosaccharides. Fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality in Finland, Italy, and the Netherlands. Dietary conjugated linoleic acids increase lean tissue and decrease fat deposition in growing pigs. The antioxidant/anticancer potential of phenolic compounds isolated from olive oil. A high-monounsaturated-fat/low-carbohydrate diet improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Evidence that the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid induces body composition changes in mice. Relationship of dietary saturated fatty acids and body habitus to serum insulin concentrations: the Normative Aging Study. Lipoprotein concentrations in normolipidemic males consuming oleic acid-rich diets from two different sources: Olive oil and oleic acid-rich sunflower oil. Circulating levels of endothelial function are modulated by dietary monounsaturated fat. A Mediterranean and a high-carbohydrate diet improves glucose metabolism in healthy young persons.

Caffeine 5 mg/kg reduced phosphocreatine resynthesis during rest from a period of exercise when given with creatine 25 g daily for 2 or 5 days pain treatment center hartford ct buy elavil 25mg with amex. Importance and management these studies are preliminary and there seem to be no further reports of an interaction pain treatment during labor purchase 10mg elavil free shipping. However treatment for nerve pain from shingles generic 50 mg elavil with visa, those taking creatine supplements to enhance exercise performance should perhaps reduce caffeine intake from beverages and other sources pain treatment acute pancreatitis discount elavil 25 mg mastercard. Note that caffeine is also present in a number of herbal medicines, consider also caffeine-containing herbs, page 97. Inhibition of muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis by caffeine after creatine loading. Carbohydrate ingestion augments creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans. Protein- and carbohydrate-induced augmentation of whole body creatine retention in humans. C Creatine + Herbal medicines; Ephedra with Caffeine There is an isolated report of stroke in a patient taking a creatine supplement with ephedra plus caffeine, although the role of creatine in this case is uncertain. Evidence, mechanism, importance and management A 33-year-old fit man with no vascular risk factors had a stroke 6 weeks after starting to take two supplements to aid body building. The first contained ephedra alkaloids (from ma huang), caffeine, levocarnitine and chromium, and the second contained creatine, taurine, inosine and coenzyme Q10. His daily consumption was estimated to be 40 to 60 mg of ephedra alkaloids, 400 to 600 mg of caffeine and 6 g of creatine. Therefore, this case could be attributed to this supplement alone, and the role of creatine is unclear. Ischaemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for body building. Creatine + Food Limited evidence suggests that a high carbohydrate intake may increase creatine retention. Clinical evidence In a study, 22 healthy male subjects were given 5 g creatine alone, or with 500 mL Lucozade (which provided a source of glucose and simple sugars) every 4 to 5 hours, giving a total dose of creatine of 20 g daily for 2 days. Subjects who received creatine alone continued their normal diet, whereas those receiving creatine with Lucozade received a high-carbohydrate diet. Mechanism the authors suggested that their findings indicate that the ingestion of carbohydrate with creatine led to an increase in insulin secretion, Creatine + Laboratory tests There is a possibility that creatine supplements might complicate the interpretation of serum creatinine measurement. Evidence, mechanism, importance and management Creatinine is produced in muscles from the breakdown of creatine, and is excreted by the kidneys. Blood levels of creatinine are therefore used as one measure to estimate renal function. It is possible that dietary supplementation with creatine could lead to increased serum levels of creatinine, and this might be particularly so in patients with impaired renal function and with long-term use. It would be sensible for individuals taking creatine supplements to tell their health provider this fact, if they need to have renal function tests. Use and indications Damiana is used most often as an aphrodisiac, but, although there are some animal studies, there is no clinical evidence to support this use. D Constituents Damiana leaves contain flavonoids including trimethoxyflavone derivatives. The hydroquinone arbutin, a cyanogenetic glycoside tetraphylline B and the phytosterol -sitosterol have also been reported. The volatile oil contains, among other components, - and -pinene, thymol, -copaene, -cadinene and calamene. For information on the pharmacokinetics of individual flavonoids present in dandelion, see under flavonoids, page 186. D Constituents the root and leaf of dandelion contain sesquiterpene lactones including: taraxinic acid, dihydrotaraxinic acid, taraxacoside, taraxacolide and others; caffeic, chlorogenic and cichoric acids; the natural coumarins cichoriin and aesculin; and flavonoids based on luteolin. The phytosterols sitosterol, stigmas terol, taraxasterol and homotaraxasterol, the triterpenes -amyrin, taraxol and taraxerol, carotenoids, and vitamin A are also found.

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Children and adolescents in these samples had different levels of habitual activity pain management utilization cheap elavil on line, resulting in inter-individual coefficients of variability as high as 34 percent (Torun back pain treatment nyc purchase 75 mg elavil with visa, 2001) pain treatment lung cancer buy elavil 50 mg overnight delivery. Children and adolescents in rural advanced pain treatment center ky cheap 75 mg elavil visa, traditional communities in developing countries are more active than their counterparts in urban areas or in developed, industrialized countries. Population groups with less, similar or more than average activity were classified as leading "light", "moderate" or "vigorous" lifestyles, respectively. The following general descriptions may help to decide which level of energy requirement is more appropriate for a specific population group. Examples of populations with light physical lifestyles, or that are less active than average, are children and adolescents who every day spend several hours at school or in sedentary occupations; do not practise physical sports regularly; generally use motor vehicles for transportation; and spend most leisure time in activities that require little physical effort, such as watching television, reading, using computers or playing without much body displacement. Examples of populations with vigorous lifestyles, or that are more active than average, are children and adolescents who every day walk long distances or use bicycles for transportation; engage in high energy-demanding occupations, or perform high energy-demanding chores for several hours each day; and/or practise sports or exercise that demand a high level of physical effort for several hours, several days of the week. Children and adolescents with habitual physical activity that is more strenuous than the examples given for a light lifestyle, but not as demanding as the examples for vigorous lifestyle, would qualify in the category of average or moderate physically active lifestyles. The regular performance of physical activity by children, in conjunction with good nutrition, is associated with health, adequate growth and well-being, and probably with lower risk of disease in adult life (Viteri and Torun, 1981; Torun and Viteri, 1994; Boreham and Riddoch, 2001). Children who are physically active explore their environment and interact socially more than their less active counterparts. There may also be a behavioural carry-over into adulthood, whereby active children are more likely to be active as adults, with the ensuing health benefits of exercise (Boreham and Riddoch, 2001). On the other hand, sedentary lifestyles are increasing in most societies around the world, mainly owing to increased access to effort-saving technology and devices and to structural and social constraints. Examples of these are increased use of automobiles and buses for transportation, piped water and electrical appliances in the household, electronic equipment and computers in the workplace, elevators and escalators in buildings, and television sets and computers for entertainment, as well as a reduction in outdoor playing and walking caused by concerns about crime and the safety of pedestrians and cyclists. Sedentary children often eat amounts of food that exceed their relatively lower energy requirements, go into a positive energy balance and are at risk of becoming overweight or obese (Bar-Or et al. Energy requirements of children and adolescents It is therefore important that recommendations for appropriate levels of physical activity accompany recommendations for dietary energy intakes. There is no direct experimental or epidemiological evidence on the minimal or optimal frequency, duration and intensity of exercise that promotes health and well-being in children, but it has been suggested that children should perform a minimum of 60 minutes per day of moderate-intensity physical activity, which may be carried out in cumulative bouts of ten or more minutes, and which should be supplemented by activities that promote flexibility, muscle strength and increase in bone mass (Boreham and Riddoch, 2001). This can be pursued by promoting walking, climbing stairs or cycling as part of everyday activities, and encouraging participation in games and sports that involve body displacement and a certain degree of physical effort. In making such recommendations, local culture, social customs and environmental characteristics must be taken into account. Situations that promote malnutrition also favour a high incidence of infectious diseases, which in turn further contribute to the malnutrition. For many children under five ­ and particularly those under three ­ years of age who live in these conditions, being sick or convalescing from diarrhoea or a respiratory infection is part of "normal life", because they experience this several times a year, with each episode lasting two to 15 days and requiring up to twice that time to achieve full recovery, provided that an intervening new episode of disease does not interrupt the recovery process (Mata, 1978; Black and Lanata, 1995; Steinhoff, 2000). Infections of this nature often result in negative energy balance resulting from poor appetite, decreased absorption of nutrients during diarrhoeal episodes and increased metabolic rate, particularly in febrile processes (Waterlow and Tomkins, 1992; Torun, 2000). If, on the contrary conditions do not improve, the status quo of mild malnutrition is maintained, the possibility for catch-up is reduced and the consequences of malnutrition will continue to prevail in those societies. Diets for catch-up weight gain must provide all nutrients and energy sources in amounts that surpass the requirements of well-nourished, healthy children. Quantitative estimates of energy requirements for catch-up are difficult to establish for two reasons: 1) the target body weight is not fixed but increases with time in a growing child, so that the longer the period of nutritional deficit, the greater the gap to be filled; and 2) a low weight for a given age may be owing either to a reduction in weight below the acceptable range of weight-for-height. In the latter case, if the decrease in weight is proportional to the reduced growth in height, the child will not have a weight deficit as such, and provision of additional dietary energy may lead to overweight, as catch-up in height is much slower and less likely to be achieved than increase in weight. The extra amounts of energy needed for catch-up growth of a child with actual weight deficit. The recommended daily amounts of energy will depend on the rate at which catch-up is expected to occur. Under optimal clinical conditions, children with severe malnutrition can gain weight at rates of up to 20 or more times faster than normal growth. In relation to the energy demands imposed by repeated bouts of infection, the paucity of data concerning illness, convalescence and post-convalescence does not allow estimates of energy requirements for infants and children to be based on direct measurements of energy expenditure and growth. This leads to the suggested use of a factorial estimate of theoretical needs during acute illness and/or convalescence. In addition to basal metabolism, the energy costs of normal growth and the energy needs for obligatory and discretionary activities, the factors involved in the estimate also include faecal energy losses owing to malabsorption from diarrhoeal disease, and increased energy needs imposed by fever and other responses to stress.

There are two main types of dysentery: bacillary dysentery pain medication for dogs metacam generic 10 mg elavil with visa, caused by the bacterium Shigella in contaminated food pain treatment in cancer patients buy elavil 50 mg amex, and amoebic dysentery or amoebiasis pain treatment centers of illinois buy elavil 75 mg low price, caused by a para- 119 sitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica spread through contaminated drinking water pain treatment in pregnancy discount elavil 10mg fast delivery. Also called myringa, tympaeardrum terms referring to ears, see auricular and words beginning with ot-, oto-. Behind the eardrum, the three ossicles in the middle ear vibrate with sound and transmit the vibrations to the cochlea in the inner ear. Also called otalgia ear canal / I k n l/ noun one of several Ear, Nose & Throat earache ear canal ginning of a period of time early diagnosis diagnosis made at the onset of an illness early treatment treatment given almost as soon as the illness has started 2. Patients who are affected with it vomit, have bloody diarrhoea and blood seeps through their skin. Also called eating disorder eating habits Ebola virus eburnation ecbolic ecchondroma ecchymosis bruise, contusion eccrine / ekrIn/ adjective referring to a gland, eccrine especially a sweat gland, which does not disintegrate and remains intact during secretion. Also called merocrine eccyesis / eksaI I sIs/ noun same as ectopic eccyesis ossicles earwax / Iw ks/ noun same as cerumen ease /i z/ verb to make pain or worry less She had an injection to ease the pain in her leg. Compare enectopia /ek tpi/ noun a condition in which an organ or part of the body is not in its usual position ectopic /ek tpIk/ adjective not in the usual position. Opposite entopic ectopic heartbeat /ek tpIk h tbi t/ noun an unusual extra beat of the heart which originates from a point other than the sinoatrial node. Also called extrauterine pregnancy, ecectopic pacemaker ectopic pregnancy beat economy class syndrome /I knmi kl s sIndrm/ noun same as deep-vein economy class syndrome coli thrombosis (informal) йcraseur / eIkr z / noun a surgical instruйcraseur ecstasy ment, usually with a wire loop, used to cut a part or a growth off at its base ecstasy / ekstsi/ noun 1. Also called embryonic ecectoectoderm ectro- /ektr/ prefix referring to a usually congenital absence or lack of something ectrodactyly / ektr d ktIli/ noun a congenital absence of all or part of a finger ectrogeny /ek trd ni/ noun a congenital absence of a part at birth ectromelia / ektr mi li/ noun a congenital absence of one or more limbs ectropion /ek trpin/ noun a turning of the edge of an eyelid outwards. It is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 18 and those people who have it usually die within six months. Opposite afferent efferent duct / efrnt d kt/ noun a duct which carries a secretion away from a gland efferent nerve / efrnt n v/ noun same as effective effective dose effector efferens efferent efferent duct efferent nerve motor nerve efferent vessel / efrnt vesl/ noun a vessel which drains lymph from a gland effleurage / efl r / noun a form of massage where the skin is stroked in one direction to increase blood flow effort syndrome / eft sIndrm/ noun same as disordered action of the heart effusion /I fju n/ noun 1. Also called elecelectrocardiogram electrocardiograph electrocardiography electrocardiophonography electrocautery electrochemical electrocoagulation electroconvulsive therapy therapy (informal) electro- /I lektr/ prefix referring to elecelectro- electrolysis /Ilek trlsIs/ noun the destruction of tissue such as unwanted hair by applying an electric current electrolyte /I lektrlaIt/ noun a chemical solution which can conduct electricity electrolyte mixture /I lektrlaIt mIkst/ noun a pint (0. Compare ametropia emollient /I mlint/ noun a substance which soothes or smooths the skin. It can be caused by smoking, living in a polluted environment, old age, asthma or whooping cough. Compare exocrine gland encysted /en sIstId/ adjective enclosed in a capsule like a cyst end- /end/ prefix same as endo- (used before end- vowels) endanger /In deInd / verb to put someone or something at risk the operation may endanger the life of the patient. Also called rebore endarteritis / end t raItIs/ noun inflammation of the inner lining of an artery endarteritis obliterans / end t raItIs blItrnz/ noun a condition where inflammation in an artery is so severe that it blocks the artery end artery / end tri/ noun the last section of an artery which does not divide into smaller arteries and does not join to other arteries endaural /end rl/ adjective inside the ear endemic /en demIk/ adjective referring to any disease which is very common in specific places this disease is endemic to Mediterranean countries. Also called entoderm endocrine system endocrinologist endocrinology endoderm inside the bronchi endocardial / end k dil/ adjective referring to the endocardium endocardial pacemaker / endk dil peIsmeIk/ noun a pacemaker attached to the lining of the heart endocarditis / endk daItIs/ noun inflammation of the membrane lining of the heart endocardium / end k dim / noun a membrane which lines the heart. Compare ectoparasite endophthalmitis / endf l maItIs/ noun inflammation of the interior of the eyeball end organ / end n/ noun a nerve ending with encapsulated nerve filaments endorphin /en d fIn/ noun a peptide produced by the brain which acts as a natural painkiller. The tube has a fibre optic light, and may have small surgical instruments attached. Compare epithelium, mesotheendomyocarditis endomysium endoneurium endoparasite endophthalmitis end organ endorphin endoscope endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography endoscopy endoskeleton endosteum endothelial endothelioma endothelium end stage renal disease enteral end stage renal disease / end steId ri nl dI zi z/ noun the stage of kidney disease at which uraemia occurs and dialysis needs to start. Also called oxyuriasis Enterobius / ent rbis/ noun a small thin nematode worm, one species of which, Enterobius vermicularis, infests the large intestine and causes itching round the anus. Opposite ectopic entropion /In trpin/ noun a turning of the edge of the eyelid towards the inside enucleate /I nju klieIt/ verb to remove something completely enucleation /I nju kli eIn/ noun 1. Also called Bornholm disease epidemic typhus / epIdemIk taIfs/ noun fever with headaches, mental disorder and a rash, caused by lice which come from other humans epidemiological / epI di mI ld Ikl/ adjective concerning epidemiology epidemiologist / epI di mI ld Ist/ noun a person who specialises in the study of diseases in groups of people epidemiology / epI di mi ld i/ noun the study of diseases in the community, in particular how they spread and how they can be controlled epidermal / epI d ml/ adjective referring to the epidermis epidermis / epI d mIs/ noun the outer layer of the skin, including the dead skin on the surface. Also called extradural н noun same as epidural anaesthesia epidural anaesthesia /epI djrl ns i zi/ noun a local anaesthesia in which anaesthetic is injected into the space between the vertebral canal and the dura mater epidural block / epIdjrl blk/ noun analgesia produced by injecting an analgesic solution into the space between the vertebral canal and the dura mater epidural space / epIdjrl speIs/ noun a space in the spinal cord between the vertebral canal and the dura mater epigastric / epI strIk/ adjective referring to the upper abdomen the patient complained of pains in the epigastric area. Also called the pit of the stomach epigastrocele / epI strsi l/ noun a hernia in the upper abdomen epiglottis / epI ltIs/ noun a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue which moves to block the windpipe when food is swallowed, so that the food does not go down the trachea epiglottitis / epI l taItIs/ noun inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis epilation / epI leIn/ noun the process of removing hair by destroying the hair follicles epilepsy / epIlepsi/ noun a disorder of the nervous system in which there are convulsions and loss of consciousness due to a disordered discharge of cerebral neurones Epidermophyton epidermophytosis epididymal epididymectomy epididymis epididymitis epididymo-orchitis epidural epidural anaesthesia epidural block epidural space epigastric epigastrium epigastrocele epiglottis epiglottitis epilation epilepsy of convulsions, and sometimes unconsciousness, due to epilepsy epileptiform / epI leptIf m/ adjective being similar to epilepsy epileptogenic / epI lept d enIk/ adjective causing epilepsy epiloia / epI lI/ noun a hereditary disease of the brain associated with learning disabilities, epilepsy and tumours on the kidney and heart. Epsom salts / epsm s lts/ noun same as magnesium sulphate Epstein­Barr virus / epstaIn b vaIrs/ Epsom salts Epstein­Barr virus hypospadias epispastic / epI sp stIk/ noun same as epispastic vesicant epistaxis / epI st ksIs/ noun same as noseepistaxis bleed epithalamus / epI lms/ noun the part of the forebrain containing the pineal body epithelial / epI i lil/ adjective referring to the epithelium epithelialisation / epI i lilaI zeIn/, epithelialization noun the growth of skin over a wound epithelial layer /epI i lil leI/ noun the epithelium epithelial tissue /epI i lil tIu / noun epithelial cells arranged as a continuous sheet consisting of one or several layers epithelioma /epIi li m/ noun a tumour arising from epithelial cells epithelium / epI i lim/ noun the layer or layers of cells covering an organ, including the skin and the lining of all hollow cavities except blood vessels, lymphatics and serous cavities. Compare endothelium, mesothelium epithalamus epithelial epithelialisation epithelial layer epithelial tissue epithelioma epithelium ing on a gum equi- /I kwI, ekwI/ prefix equal equilibrium / i kwI lIbrim/ noun a state of balance equinovarus /I kwaIn vers/ talipes equipment /I kwIpmnt/ noun apparatus or tools which are required to do something the centre urgently needs surgical equipment. The types of epithelium according to the number of layers are: simple epithelium (epithelium formed of a single layer of cells) and stratified epithelium (epithelium formed of several layers of cells). Also called polyerythraemia bacterial skin infection occurring in a fold in the skin or where two skin surfaces touch, such as between the toes. After Johann Friedrich August von Esmarch (1823­ 1908), Professor of Surgery at Kiel, Germany.