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Thought content includes feelings of worthlessness and suicidal ideation or plans arrhythmia interpretation 4 mg aceon mastercard, although older adults and people from some ethnic groups or cultures sometimes do not express this cognitive component heart attack cafe chicago aceon 4mg amex. Major depressive episodes and dysthymia are present in nearly twice as many women as men for both lifetime and 12-month prevalence arteria haemorrhoidalis media order 2mg aceon fast delivery. Research suggests that women experience more chronicity of depression in comparison to men characterized by earlier onset of symptoms blood pressure chart in urdu purchase aceon us, poorer quality of life, greater social impairment, and greater familial history of mood disorders (Kornstein et al. Although rates of depression among women of color in the general population are comparable with those for Caucasian women, the illness is more likely to be undiagnosed and untreated in the former group, according to the literature reviewed (Mazure et al. Depression may appear through somatic symptoms that are misinterpreted by providers. Of concern is the lack of compliance with treatment regimens using psychotropic medications by women of color, which is possibly related to side effects of the medication. In addition, the sense of loss associated with migration may contribute to high levels of depression among Hispanic/Latina and Asian and Pacific-Islander immigrant women. In a study examining the use of pediatric emergency services with a sample of Mexican- and Central-American immigrants in Los Angeles, the women reported high levels of Women with substance use disorders and depression Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems co-occur with depression more often in women than in men (Graham et al. Depression usually precedes alcohol abuse in women, whereas alcohol dependence usually comes first among men (Moscato et al. Two mechanisms have been suggested to explain the pattern among women: (1) alcohol is used to try to relieve the symptoms of depression, and (2) depression renders women less concerned about issues of health and safety, including alcohol consumption (Dixit and Crum 2000). One study indicates that the risk for heavy drinking is higher among women with a history of depressive disorder than among women with no history of depression, and the risk for heavy drinking rises with increasing reports of depressive symptoms (Dixit and Crum 2000). Among treatment-seeking women, depression is positively correlated with craving (Zilberman et al. While craving is not consistently associated with relapse, clients who experience cravings express distress in managing and coping with them. In general, the disorder with the higher crisis potential needs to be addressed first-but neither should be neglected. Withdrawal symptoms sometimes include depression, Substance Abuse Treatment for Women 173 and withdrawal symptoms sometimes mask depression. Appropriate treatment requires a thorough history and monitoring of symptoms over time. Women with co-occurring substance use disorders and depression can be placed in a variety of treatment settings, depending on the severity of their disorders. Antidepressant and mood-regulating medications are appropriate for women in treatment for both disorders. Clients may require medication to overcome debilitating and incapacitating depressive symptoms so that they can participate in substance abuse treatment. However, it may take time for a client to be stabilized on the appropriate medication and dosage. Women may need education and medication monitoring initially to ensure they are taking their medications as prescribed. Some women may increase their dose thinking that the larger dose provides more help or reduce their dose to prove they are improving. Still other women may have difficulty taking antidepressant medication based upon fear and misinformation that it is addictive. Women with depression may respond to a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Studies have shown that bulimia affects between 2 and 5 percent of women, whereas anorexia is much less common (Frank et al. However, all measures of the prevalence of eating disorders are considered to be estimates by researchers because they represent only cases diagnosed in medical facilities. Women with eating disorders are skilled at concealing their disorders and many remain undiagnosed (Hoek and Van Hseken 2003). Substance abuse counselors and mental health professionals have difficulty detecting eating disorders because clients minimize or deny their symptoms and fail to seek treatment out of shame or fear of gaining weight. Counselors should be alert to symptoms of eating disorders that may be serious but do not meet full criteria for an eating disorder diagnosis. Disordered eating behaviors can pose serious health issues and lead to full-blown disorders. In addition, counselors should be aware that eating disorders occur in women from diverse backgrounds. Bulimia nervosa is characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging, by either vomiting or taking laxatives or diuretics (water pills).

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These patterns of conducting oneself according to what masculinities decrees as appropriate is a social process that is learnt from early childhood and is practiced in the domestic sphere as well as in all other social institutions prehypertension while pregnant purchase aceon 8mg visa. These ways of conducting oneself are important because they ensure whether you will be accepted or rejected as men wide pulse pressure icd 9 order aceon with mastercard. So when men follow the path paved by masculinities then they are making a choice and that is what we mean when we use the term active construction hypertension harmony of darkness 4mg aceon fast delivery, that men are not born with masculinities as a given biological aspect of their lives but that it is a state that men constantly strive to achieve by doing things that are deemed appropriate for men blood pressure chart senior citizens cheap 4mg aceon with amex. For instance, crime is not a fixed masculine character but acts of crime may enable some men to experience power, money, sex, risk taking, etc. Internal Complexity One of the key reasons why masculinities are unstable is that they are not simple, homogenous patterns. So, masculinities always exerts a pressure on men to present themselves in certain ways that may go against what they desire or feel thereby posing a certain inherent challenge and instability. It is important to observe and understand this complexity of desires, emotions or possibilities because they are the sources and resources of tension and change in gender patterns. Dynamics From the fact that different masculinities exist in different cultures and historical periods we can conclude that norms concerning masculine behaviour are able to change. The layering of masculinities displays the sources of change and the hierarchy of masculinities the motives for change. Also as discussed earlier these different forms of masculinities are often locked in a bitter battle of trying to prove their supremacy and it is this tension that can be the source of change as far as masculinities is concerned. The other linked factor that there is a hierarchy of masculinities that gets set through several social processes including those of caste, class, sexuality, etc. The dynamics of masculinities refers to the fact that particular masculinities take form and shape, historically and may also disappear over time or get replaced by other forms. For instance, if we were to take the case of the Gorkhas who are celebrated as a martial race. Their becoming a martial race is linked to colonial history and their gradual absorption into the British army. This however does not mean that masculinities has disappeared from Gorkha society and culture but just that it has been replaced by certain other forms of masculinities, for instance, education and corporate jobs in foreign countries may have become the new markers for Gorkha men to gain prestige and power within the community. This distinction is important because men do not experience power all the time and in all situations however they do feel a sense of entitlement because of their gender position. Manhood Manhood refers to the qualities and attributes that men achieve through both a biological maturation and passage of rites into adulthood. It implies that men hold power in all the important institutions of society and that women are deprived of access to such power. It does not imply that women are either totally powerless or totally deprived of rights, influence and resources. Gender Gender is the cultural definition of behaviour defined as appropriate to the sexes in a given society at a given time. Sex-Gender system this refers to the institutionalised system which allots resources, property and privileges to persons according to culturally defined gender roles. For instance it is sex, that determines that women should be child bearers but it is the sex gender system that determines that women should be child rearers. Sexism Sexism defines the ideology of male supremacy, of male superiority and of beliefs that support and sustain it. Misogyny is central to sexist prejudice and ideology and is an important basis for the oppression of females in male-dominated societies. Misogyny is manifested in many different ways, from jokes to literature to violence to the selfcontempt women may be taught to feel toward their own bodies. Though most common in men, misogyny also exists in and is practiced by women against other women or even themselves. Misogyny functions as an ideology or belief system that has been part and parcel of patriarchal, or male-dominated societies for thousands of years and continues to place women in subordinate positions with limited access to power and decision making. Feminist literary critics also draw attention to how phallocentrism in literature establishes the idea that artistic creativity is a masculine quality. Homophobia this refers to an irrational fear and antipathy of homosexual men and women as well as of transgender people which manifests itself through discrimination, violence, humiliation and prejudice.

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Logue soon took on his new client in secret blood pressure calculator order 8mg aceon free shipping, and over the ensuing years gave the determined Prince/King his voice blood pressure medication on empty stomach purchase generic aceon on-line. Once Albert became King blood pressure numbers what do they mean cheap 2 mg aceon overnight delivery, he was forced to step even more into the limelight to take the place of his glamorous blood pressure 6080 discount aceon 2 mg without prescription, social, romanticized (though apparently irresponsible) older brother. With his country in a crisis and desperate for leadership, the shy new monarch agonized about how he would possibly lead and inspire his empire while unable to clearly verbally communicate his most basic thoughts to his countrymen. At a time when radio broadcasts were critical to reaching his constituents, the therapy succeeded in helping the King gain more self-confidence and to speak more clearly. While he never completely overcame his stutter, he was able to speak fluently enough to satisfy all but his most severe critics, and to lead his Empire through a devastating war and harsh economic times. The story of the two men is both an inspiring tale of triumph over adversity and the story of an unlikely friendship between a reluctant king and his charismatic subject (often hilariously complicated by rules about royal etiquette). The book was published just before the opening of the movie of the same name-and using them in tandem with students can provide both the back-story and interesting glimpses into the private lives of the British Monarchy (including vignettes of the current queen and her sister as young girls who doted on their loving and witty father). Only one person knows her secret: the now-deceased Sister Leopolda (who appears in earlier novels by the author), a © Nancy L. Mullin Page 129 Student Literature Grades 9-12 disturbed, sadistic, and murderous nun, who revealed her many sins to Father Modeste in the confessional-so he is bound by vows of secrecy to keep her confidences. Leopolda has somehow been nominated for sainthood-the result of some miracles associated with her-which prompts an investigation by an emissary from the Vatican. His decision to write to the Pontiff to reveal the truth about Sister Leopolda causes him to reflect back on his unusual life and its stark contrasts (this interdependence of opposites on each other is symbolic of an ancient Ojibwe spiritual belief). Screen this novel for adult themes, which include eroticism and ribald humor that might not be deemed appropriate for your students. There are many interesting themes: including gender role stereotypes, confusing material wealth and power with happiness, keeping secrets about morality, the role of women in religion, the practice of forcing conversion and Christianity on Native American tribes, and the nature of the treatment of native Americans by the government and society, etc. For other works by indigenous authors, consider Sherman Alexie and Leslie Marmon Silko (Ceremony). The saga of Jean Valjean is one of poverty, injustice and the human condition, set against the backdrop of decades of post-Napoleonic French society. But it is so much more, and there are many levels at which to approach this book: as an historical look at French politics and history while the nation teeters on the brink of revolution; as a detective story in which the relentless Inspector Javert obsessively pursues the escaped convict Jean Valjean; as a drama about crime and punishment, restitution and redemption; as a romance across class divides and stereotypes; and as a metaphysical and spiritual struggle between the good and evil that coexist in each of us. It is a powerful plea for social justice, political enlightenment and personal charity. This title has been translated into many languages and is available in many formats-including numerous film and musical versions. Some versions of the play or musical have been adapted for high school students and can be used (rather than an abridged version of the book) if you feel that would provide a more accessible venue for your students. Mullin Page 130 Student Literature Grades 9-12 Little Prince, the Antoine de Sainte-Exupйry (Author), Katherine Woods (Translator) Harcourt Brace & Company: 1943/1971 the full annotation for this book appears in Grades 6-8 section. The stories describe their relationships, desires, and histories with family members and others who live on the reservation along with pervasive addiction, frequent car accidents, and basketball. Each provides some insight into the distance and estrangement between men and women, Indians and Whites, reservation Indians and urban Indians, and modern Indians from the traditions of their past. While some of the characters experience success, most are stuck in place, isolated, bitter, and fiercely (and perhaps ironically, given their situations) proud; there is a lot of material here to use to talk about ways poverty, racism, and low expectations affect individual outcomes. This version includes an updated introduction from the author where he reminiscences about how his life changed when (against incredible odds) his first book of poems was published and given a glowing review in the New York Times Book Review; it also includes two new additional stories. The use of animals to depict different ethnic groups: the Jews as mice, Germans, as cats, non-Jewish Poles, as pigs, French, as frogs, etc. The layers of dysfunctional relationships revealed provide a means to focus on family relationships. Each short book is multi-layered; the graphic format is likely to appeal to reluctant readers and offers a different view of this particular period in history. He is cut from the team of his upscale private school, where no one seems to expect much of him.

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